Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) is an effective treatment for port wine stains (PWS). However, repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion. The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering. This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent (OCA) for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model. Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), optical coherence tomography angiography, and stereo microscope before, during, and after the treatment. We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature. The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage, including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow. Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases, including PWS.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer. Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells; however, the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear. This study investigates whether the limited efficacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the efficacy. A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD-PDT). The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed, as well as CD4+T, CD8+T and calreticulin (CRT) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after HpD-PDT. When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed. For HpD-PDT at 100mW/cm² and 40, 60 and 80J/cm², primary tumors were suppressed and CD4+T, CD8+T and CRT were elevated; however, distant tumors couldn’t be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged. Immune checkpoints on T cells, especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT, were upregulated, which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect. After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody, but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody, both the primary and distant tumors were significantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged, additionally, CD4+T, CD8+T, IFN-γ+CD4+T and TNF-α+CD4+T cells were significantly increased compared with HpD-PDT. HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer. PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT. Anti-PD1 antibody, but not anti-LAG-3 antibody, could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

换能器作为超声系统的核心部分，起着重要的作用。传统的超声换能器是电驱动器件，利用材料的压电效应实现电-声转换，然而面对应用环境的苛刻要求，其有限的带宽限制了其在高标准要求环境中的应用。光致超声作为一种新型技术，利用激光代替电作为激励源获得超声，拥有传统压电技术无法具备的特性，如高频率和大带宽，这是成像和传感所需要的。同时，光致超声技术具有较为简单的换能器构架，避免了电子元件组装的复杂性，使得各种形状的超声换能器开发成为可能，比如凹形换能器和全向换能器。光致超声技术的这些优势使其有望获得更广泛的应用。对光致超声技术进行了介绍，主要包括光声机制、换能器性能表征和该技术在生物医学领域中的最新应用，并进一步讨论了光致超声技术未来可能的发展方向。

手术导航综合运用器官分割建模与手术规划、位姿标定与跟踪定位、多模态图像配准与融合显示等技术，使医生精确定位病灶与手术工具的位置，透过组织表面对内部组织进行观测，可大幅提升手术的安全性，缩短手术时间并提高手术效率。常规手术通常使用超声、内窥镜或X光等单模态影像进行手术过程引导，信息单一且均为二维影像，空间立体信息缺失，手术过程严重依赖医生经验；而多模态图像引导的手术导航技术通过融合多模态图像的优势，在三维空间提供病灶的结构或功能信息，大幅提升医生对血管、神经以及重要组织结构的空间辨识力。由此，本文针对多模态图像分割建模、手术方案决策、手术空间位姿标定与跟踪、多模态图像配准、图像融合与显示等多模态图像引导手术导航的关键技术进行总结和分析，提出其进一步发展面临的挑战并展望其未来发展趋势。多模态图像引导手术导航技术已成为神经外科、颅颌面、骨科、经皮穿刺、血管介入等临床科室精准治疗的新兴手段，具有重要的应用前景。

脉冲串飞秒激光在工业精密加工中展现出低热高效的特性，有望为血栓清除技术提供新型解决方案。以动物血凝块为消蚀样本，将脉冲串飞秒激光与高速振镜相结合来搭建实验平台，对样本表面进行单层扫描消蚀，使用三维超景深显微镜对消蚀坑进行观察和记录，并与相同平均功率下的传统脉冲模式飞秒激光的消蚀结果进行比较。结果表明，相比于传统脉冲模式，脉冲串飞秒激光可以提升消蚀效率并降低消蚀阈值，具有良好的临床研发潜力。

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种通过光动力反应选择性地治疗恶性肿瘤及癌前病变等疾病的新型疗法，具有广阔的临床应用前景。光敏剂作为PDT的关键要素之一，其在体浓度分布直接影响PDT疗效，实现光敏剂剂量在体定量检测是开展个性化PDT精准治疗的前提。介绍了光敏剂浓度在体定量检测的影响因素；总结了目前常用的光敏剂荧光光谱定量校准方法及荧光定量检测技术；最后讨论了光敏剂定量检测技术在PDT临床转化应用中所面临的挑战和发展方向。

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only destroys tumor cells directly but also induced anti-tumor immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is reported that anti-tumor response was associated with light dose and photosensitizer used in PDT. In this study, 4T1 tumor cells were implanted on both the right and left flanks of mice. Only the right tumor was treated by HpD-PDT, while the left tumor was not irradiated. The anti-tumor immune response induced by HpD-PDT was investigated. The expression of DAMPs and costimulatory molecules induced by HpD-PDT were tested by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in vivo. Different light doses of PDT were designed to treat 4T1 cells. The killing effect was assessed by CCK-8 kit and apoptosis kit. The expression of DAMPs on 4T1 cells after HpDPDT were evaluated by flow cytometry, western blot and ATP kit. This study showed that CD4tT, CD8tT and the production of IFN-γ were increased significantly on day 10 in righttumor after PDT treatment compared with control group. HpD-PDT enhanced the expression of calreticulin (CRT) on tumor tissue. Importantly, co-stimulatory molecular OX-40 and 4-1BB were elevated on CD8tT cells. In vitro, immunogenic death of 4T1 cells was induced after PDT. Besides, the expression of DAMPs increased with the increasing of energy density. This study indicates that anti-tumor immune effect was induced by HpD-PDT. The knowledge of the involvement of CRT, ATP and co-stimulatory molecules uncovers important mechanistic insight into the anti-tumor immunogenicity. It was the first time that co-stimulatory molecules were investigated and found to elevate after PDT.

鲜红斑痣(port wine stains, PWS)是最常见的先天性皮肤微血管病变之一，PWS的病因是皮肤真皮层由浅至深的毛细血管畸形扩张。通常表现为面颈部粉色、红色和紫色斑片，随着年龄的增加，其逐渐加深和增厚，严重影响患者的生活质量。血管靶向光动力疗法 (vascular targeted photodynamic therapy, V-PDT) 可以选择性破坏病变血管，是目前国内治疗PWS的首选方法。V-PDT疗效与PWS病灶结构密切相关。PWS的病灶结构可通过活检或者无创光学诊断设备获取，主要包括表皮层黑色素含量、皮肤厚度及血管管径、深度和形态等。总结了目前常用的无创在体光学成像技术在PWS诊疗中的应用现状及PWS病灶结构特点对V-PDT疗效的影响，旨在为V-PDT精准及个性化治疗PWS提供参考。